Understanding excavators: Structure and Working principles

Always present in most construction projects, both large and small, what are the functions and working principles of an excavator? In today’s article, Comacpro will explore this with you.

Structure of an excavator

An excavator, also known simply as a digger, is a type of heavy construction equipment with multifunctional capabilities. It can perform tasks such as digging, scooping, loading, and unloading materials like sand, gravel, soil, rocks, minerals, and both loose and solid construction materials within a short operating range.

The main components that make up an excavator include:

• Main frame
• Boom arm
• Operator cabin
• Hydraulic system
• Bucket mounted on a rotating platform

Apart from construction, excavators are also used in mining, transportation, irrigation, and other industries. Their main functions include demolishing old structures, clearing and leveling land, loading, and transporting materials.

How does an excavator work?

To operate an excavator efficiently, the operator must understand its basic working principles.

The excavator functions primarily through two systems: the control system and the hydraulic system.

The control system includes:

• Joysticks and levers in the cabin
• Functions for lifting, rotating the bucket, and moving the machine

The hydraulic system consists of:

• Hydraulic pumps, cylinders, and multiple oil pipes
• The engine powers the hydraulic pump to generate pressure and control the cylinders
• This system controls essential parts of the machine, such as the boom and bucket

Excavator Operation Process

Ever wondered how an excavator works in practice? Let’s take a look:

• When the machine is started, the engine generates power to drive the hydraulic pump.
• Hydraulic oil flows through pipes to the hydraulic cylinders on the boom and bucket.
• These cylinders extend or retract to control the movement of the boom and bucket.
• The operator uses joysticks to perform actions such as lifting, lowering, and tilting the bucket to scoop and unload materials.

Overall, excavators come in many different types and sizes to suit a wide range of project segments. However, in terms of structure and working principles, most excavators are quite similar. We hope this article has provided you with valuable knowledge and experience to operate this type of equipment effectively.

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